Who
was Epikur ?
Epikur
was born 341 BC at Samos. His parents were Neokles and Chairestrate. He had three
brothers, who joined him later at his school.
From
327-24 he was in Teos, where he probably visited the philosopher school of the
Nausiphanes. 323 he went to Athens, in order to receive military training there.
From this he went again to his parents to Kolophon.
Here
he started, according to legend and without the assistance of a teacher, with
solutions of philosophical problems and developed his own introduction. In the
year 310, Epikur began with his activities in teaching. He erected his school
first in Mytilene, shifted it however a little later to Lampsakos. Here he met
one of his most important pupils, i.e. Metrodor. In the year 306, Epikur shifted
again his school for the last time, now to Athens.
Here he had bought a garden
property, which gave his school also its name, i.e. Képos. His school also
served as a residence for his pupils and their families, likewise for their slaves
and Hetaeren. Admired by his pupils partly like a God, Epikur at least however
was for them a kind of a Prophet.
Its
philosophical introductions required absolute subordination of them under his
person and his opinions. One had to believe them without any doubt and against
outstanding ones to defend them. Likewise his pupils should keep themself away
from public life and private needs, why his school affected for outstanding ones
like a sect.
This
orientation at the school founder applied also after Epikurs death in the year
270 BC. His successor became Hermarch, oneof his favorite pupils from Mytilene.
The goal of his philosophy was, to free humans from pain and misfortune and to
lead them to the condition of the absolute luck.
Probably this attitude
belongs to the not really wealthy condition of Epikur. The highest attainable
point was therefore for him the desire, which is defined by by the absence of
pain. In addition he did not like the mythologie of the world and was fighting
against it. Divinities and inspired nature did not fit in his view of the world.
Important aids to reach this goal were, among other things, virtue and friendship.
He left over 300 manuscripts. His teaching is called the Epikureism.